Antimicrobial silver coating created for textiles

A research team led by The University of Tokyo has found a cost-effective and convenient way to apply a silver-based antimicrobial clear coating to new or existing textiles. Published in the journal Scientific Reports, their method uses polyphenols, commonly found in food items such as wine and chocolate.

There are many kinds of products that can be worn or applied to the body which aim to reduce body odour, but these often come with a compromise such as expense, breathability or limited choice. Some of these make use of silver, which is well known for its antimicrobial properties, but can be difficult to apply to things like clothes in an easy and efficient way.

The Tokyo-led team has now pioneered a way to apply an antimicrobial silver coating to textiles that is simple and cost-effective. They essentially used a compound known as a polyphenol, tannic acid (TA) specifically, to bind silver (Ag) to fabrics. Polyphenols are found in chocolate and red wine amongst other things, and are responsible for their infamous ability to stain clothing and tablecloths. Fortunately, the researchers’ coating, called Ag/TA, is completely clear so it doesn’t discolour textiles — and best of all, it can survive being washed.

“As kids often do, my son stained his shirt with chocolate one day, and I couldn’t scrub it out,” said Tokyo postdoctoral fellow Joseph Richardson. “Associate Professor Hirotaka Ejima and I have studied polyphenols for over a decade, but this chocolate incident got me thinking about using tannic acid to bind silver to fabrics. We think we’ve found two methods to apply our antimicrobial silver coating to textiles, suitable for different use cases.”

The first method might be useful for commercial clothing or fabric producers. Textiles can simply be bathed in a mixture of the silver compound and the polyphenol binder. Another method, perhaps more suited to small-scale settings including the home, is to spray items of clothing, first with the silver compound and then with the polyphenol binder. An obvious advantage is that people can add the coating to existing items of clothing.

“But what’s most exciting is not the ease of application, but how effective the coating is,” Richardson said. “We wanted to study the effect of the antimicrobial coating not just on odour-causing bacteria, but also on fungi and pathogens like viruses.

“With so many variables to control, it was a challenge of time and complexity to test variations of compounds against variations of microorganisms. But through carefully optimising our testing methods, we found that the coating neutralises everything we tested it on. So Ag/TA could be useful in hospitals and other ideally sterile environments.”

The binding power of TA is so strong that coated textiles tested by the researchers like cotton, polyester and even silk maintain antimicrobial and anti-odour properties for at least 10 washes.

“I’ve tried it on my own shirts, socks, shoes, even my bathmat,” Richardson said. “We’d like to see what other useful compounds polyphenols might help bind to fabrics. Antimicrobial silver might just be the start.”

Image credit: ©stock.adobe.com/au/sanneberg

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