Bio-marker for MS - the start of personalised medicine

Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham have found the first bio-marker for multiple sclerosis (MS) that might predict which patients will respond to a standard therapy and which will not.

In a joint effort with researchers at Stanford University, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) researchers discovered that patients with a particular type of T helper immune cells responded well to interferon-ß, the usual first-line therapy for the disease, while those with a different T helper immune-cell type either did not respond or experienced worsening symptoms.

“Interferon-ß is typically the first therapeutic choice for most MS patients, but there is a subset of about 30% of patients for whom it does not work and may make the patient worse,” said Chander Raman PhD, associate professor in the Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology and lead investigator of the study. “Our findings, in both animal and human models, indicate that the type of T helper cell present is the determining factor in predicting whether interferon-ß will be effective.”

Raman suggests this might be another rung on the ladder leading to personalised medicine, in which therapies are based on an individual’s physiology and genetic makeup and the nature of disease.

“When our findings are verified in an expanded human trial, a simple blood test could be used to determine which type of T helper cell is predominantly responsible for the disease in an MS patient, enabling clinicians to provide the proper therapy from the beginning of treatment and eliminate the guesswork,” Raman said.

Raman’s team, along with the team at Stanford lead by Lawrence Steinman PhD, examined T helper Type 1 cells and T helper Type 17 cells in an animal model for multiple sclerosis. Both Th1 and Th17 cells are major initiators of MS and important in disease severity. The researchers found that interferon-ß was effective in mice with disease initiated by Th1 cells, but worsened disease initiated by Th17 cells. The findings were replicated with striking consistency in analysis of human-patient serum with relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis, the most common form of the disease.

“This research reinforces the concept that diseases have certain signatures that help define their origin and give us glimpses of how they manifest in our bodies,” said Raman. “The more we understand these signatures, the more likely we will be able to intervene at a critical junction and design and provide therapies that lessen or cure disease.”